Sigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology - 1568 Words

Freud Sigmund Yifan Wang Current issues in history Vanier College 2014-11-11 Freud Sigmund In the 19th century, people progressed toward a new era of scientific revolution with new inventions and technologies. Doctors find treatment to heal cancer and people lives longer than before. On the other hand, Freud Sigmund the Jewish psychiatrist offered a new cure to mental illness that individual suffers from (The European Graduate School, 2012). Although he may have the most of influence in the field of psychology, his theories are still a controversial issue today. While many of his followers consider he is the greatest psychiatrist, many of his contemporaries judge his ideas are insane. Psychology is an interesting field because our mind is not fully explored like human anatomy and not all theory can be proven by science. This essay will begin with his biography explaining how he comes up with his theories and discuss his main concept on unconsciousness and sexual behaviour. Lastly, briefly go through his psychoanalysis techniques. Freud develops his concept on psychoanalysis from what he had experienced. Known as the father of psychoanalysis, Freud is born in 1856 in Austria, given the name Sigismund Schlomo Freud (The European Graduate School, 2012). Freud Sigmund suffered from losses during his childhood that cause his anxiety later in life. He experienced his first lost when his young brother died before one year old. Later, Freud’s nursemaid was send toShow MoreRelatedSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1222 Words   |  5 Pagesof Europe, an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis named Sigmund Freud constructed an original approach to the understanding of human psychology. Prior to the founding of psychoanalysis, mental illness was thought to come from some kind of deterioration or disease rooted in the brain. The certitude that physical diseases of the brain induced mental illness signified that psychological origins were disregarded. Freud insisted on studying the topic hoping to change the way society thoughtR ead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1283 Words   |  6 PagesSigmund Freud (1856-1939), is a pioneer in the field of psychology in various ways. His dedication to his field helped shape the minds of many nineteen-century contemporary schools of thought. Most notably, Freud’s work in psychoanalytic theory, according to Tan (2011) earned him the title of, â€Å"father of psychoanalysis† (p. 322). Moreover, Tan Taykeyesu (2011) report that Freud’s genius is not just in psychoanalysis, but also when we â€Å"think Oedipus complex, infantile sexuality, and repression†Read MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology942 Words   |  4 PagesSigmund Freud continues to be the subject of conversation in the field of psychology. The conversations seem to lead to Freud versus another imperative person in the field, such as B.F. Skinner. According to Overskeid (2007) most research articles focus on the difference between the two. Here the author takes a different approach, looks at similarities within the psychanalysis dynamics. The two agreed upon human predicament that people are controlled by forces which they are not conscious (OverskeidRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1233 Words   |  5 Pages Sigmund Freud is the idealist that concepted the idea of verbal psychotherapy, Freudian Psychology. His theories of psychoanalysis are based upon understand the unconscious mind. His ideals portray that there are three key components that are responsible for a human beings personality. These compon ents include id, ego and superego. Freud s major contributions to todays society and study of psychology are his theories on the unconscious mind, dreams, libido, infantile sexuality, repression and transferenceRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1299 Words   |  6 Pagesand touch known as the â€Å"mesmeric pass† (Kirsch et.al., 1995). Psychoanalysis was introduced by Sigmund Freud. Freud conceptualized the mind, metaphorically, as an ancient, buried ruin which had to been unearthed much like an archeologist would unearth the treasures of an ancient civilization. Freud s influence can be traced from his hard core natural science background as a student of neurology. Freud s version of psychoanalysis had its predecessor in the work with hysterics conducted by neurologistsRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay967 Words   |  4 PagesPsychoanalysis is an approach to psychology that was made well known as a way to bring for the unconscious to the conscious. It is theorized that the memories that we store in our unconscious affects us, and can cause neurotic behaviors. The approaches also include Analytical, Individual. Three people that worked on these theories are Sigmund Freud, Carl Jung, and Alfred Adler. Each of these men approached psychoanalysis in both similar and individual ways, and have thei r own theories that will be furtherRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology And Psychology1073 Words   |  5 PagesLuwanna Perry Theories Counseling 06/27/2014 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud is considered to be the most important figures in the field of psychiatry and psychology. His ideas about psychoanalysis were developed in the 1800’s but are still being used today in the mental health field (www.studymode.com). Sigmund Freud was one of the pioneers/innovator of modern-day psychology. â€Å"As the originator of psychoanalysis, Freud distinguished himself as anRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesAt the start psychology was not a science; it was ‘made up’. In pre-historic age it was believed any behaviour that swayed from ‘the norm’ was due to demonic spirits possessing the brain. Advances in treatments and medicine, allow us to recognise how barbarous this belief was. The progress of these advances was clear by the opening of the first experimental laboratory in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt. Wundt’s establishment of psychology as an academic discipline exaggerated how obsolete the previous wayRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology Essay1215 Words   |  5 PagesSigmund Freud, originally a neurologist, is a well-known psychologist that developed the field of psychoanalytic psychology. Although he died in 1939 his theories and practices live on and many psychologists will still consult Freud’s ideas when faced with specific cases. Freud was a firm believer in the notion that sex and aggression is the root of motivation for all human behavior and many people agree with him, but one of his former collogues, Alfred Adler, would come to disagree with this ideaRead MoreSigmund Freud s Theory Of Psychology1939 Words   |  8 Pagesdevelopments in psychology that support the where our development into each stage come from. For starters there’s Sigmund Freud, a main contributor to psychology (neurologist), that believed there is a specific order in the stages of development. His stages are called Psychosexual Stages of Development. The Five stag es include Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latent, and Genital. (As seen in Figure 1) These developments are more on the physical side to growing into puberty and so on. Freuds ideas are the first

US Bank Corp. Analysis Free Essays

The two Institutions chosen or comparison are Wells Fargo (WFM) and Bank of America (BACK). To evaluate the overall strength the major assets, liabilities, capital, risk, liquidity and operating decisions of the three chosen institutions will be discussed. Balance Sheet Analysis Out of the three banks US bank is the smallest in regards to assets with Bank of America being the largest followed by Wells Fargo. We will write a custom essay sample on US Bank Corp. Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now When comparing total assets to total liabilities USB finds itself in the weakest position having a total debt to total assets ratio of 0. 11 . Commercial banks are known to leverage themselves highly and leverage Is normal in the Industry. However In comparison to BACH’S ratio of 1 . 124 and Wife’s ratio of 0. 89 this relatively high leverage Is a cause for concern. Federal Deposit Insurance Corp†¦ Chairman Sheila Fair has advocated for the US Bank to reduce their leverage to half believing that their financial position poses too great a risk. The industry averages for long term debt to equity and total debt to equity ratios are 64. 36 and 177. 19 respectively. In respect to this, US Bank finds itself taking the middle ground between Wells Fargo and Bank of America. Wells Fargo seems to be In equity ratio of 84. 6, well below the industry average. The most indebted institution would be Bank of America who’s ratios of 120. 09 and 249. 67 are well above the industry average. US Bank in comparison has a long term debt to equity ratio of 67. 93 which is right around the industry average while their total debt to equity is far below it at 139. 98. Despite being in good position relative to the indu stry and the two chosen similar financial institutions in these metrics, this indicator should be held with skepticism as many believe that all commercial banking institutions are unreasonably leveraged. One of the reasons for US Banks highly leveraged position ay lay in the management’s decision to acquire more banks through IBID-assisted deals. It is stated that, â€Å"In total, the firm has acquired $35 billion of banking assets through these deals at minimal costs. † Though these deals have been stated to be not significant enough to pose such a threat. They are still campaigning to acquire even more assets. Assets All three companies have real estate loans as their largest asset category. This includes residential loans, commercial real estate, and other loans secured by farmland. These loans can be considered safe as they are secured with liens on the reporter however they are illiquid and would be considered a long term asset. Wells Fargo has the largest amount of real estate loans as a percentage of their assets at 35. 81%, followed by US Banks 32. 18% and finally Bank of America’s far smaller 20. 97%. All the banks second largest assets are debt securities over one year and they all have similar sizes as percentage of total assets. Commercial and industrials are the third largest asset for Wells Fargo and US Bank and they hold similar sizes as percentage of assets. Bank of America’s third largest asset however is trading assets which should be more marketable. Much of the securities held by US Bank are not held for sale which makes them susceptible to interest rate risk. It is unclear how much of the banks loans use a floating interest rate but we can assume which would better help determine the risks involved. With US Banks fairly high percentage of real estate loans and commercial and industrial loans which are usually long term these risks to the bank are significant. The largest liability for the three financial institutions are interest bearing deposits. Wells Fargo holds the largest proportion at 50. 14% followed by US Bank at 47. 70% and then Bank of America at 32. 0%. US Bank holds and Wells Fargo have similar proportions of this liability. While these liabilities accrue interest the banks do have to expect frequent cash outflows from this. The three banks third largest liabilities are interested-bearing deposits with US Bank having the largest proportion of 23. 36%, followed by Wells Fargo at 21. 93% and Bank of America at 18. 97%. These proportions seems relatively similar to each other but with US Banks higher proportion they should be weary. These interested bearing accounts are likely to be checking outs and while they do not accrue interest you can expect frequent editorials from customers which should keep them weary of loaning out too much money. Finally all three banks have listed other borrowed money as their third capitalized leases. Bank of America has the largest proportion of 14. 24%. Next is US Bank with 13. 66% and then Wells Fargo with 9. 62%. These proportions also seem quite similar too each other. Interest Revenue, last Quarter US Bank largest source of revenue is on fully taxable income on loans and leases at 44%. This proportion is comparable to Bank of America that accounts for 41% of their revenues. What is surprising is the large mount of revenue Wells Fargo receives from interest and fees on which accounts for 76% of their revenues. While US Bank only receives 42% of its income in the same category. Interested Revenue, Last Quarter The largest sources of interested income for the chosen financial institutions vary greatly which makes it difficult to compare US Banks position in comparison to the other financial institutions. The largest category listed in sources of interested income for US Bank was stated as unspecified at 18% and 19% for Wells Fargo. The largest source for Bank of America is investment banking fees and commissions. Expenses Last Quarter Largest Expenses US Bank amount % of expenses Interest on other borrowings trade Lab 987,000 2 Interest on time deposits $100K 191,000 3 Interest on time deposits of $100K or more 184,000 1 1. 02% Largest Expenses Bank of America % of total expenses Interest on borrowings and trade liabilities 80. 03% Interest on sub debt and mand conv sec 8. 2% Interest on other deposits 601,993 4. 60% Largest Expenses Wells Fargo Interest on other borrowing Trad Liab 55. 05% Interest on sub debt mand conv sec 471 ,OOO 11 . 93% The largest expenses for each company is interest on other borrowings and trade iabilities. US Banks proportion of 59. 14% is comparable to that of Wells Fargds 55. 05%. Bank of America on the other hand has a much larger expense in this cat egory of 80. 03%. The other expense categories vary between the banks. Interest on time deposits is US Banks next largest category. Cash Flow investing activities. Cash from operating activities has been steadily increasing which is a good sign but so is cash from financing activities which is much larger. As commercial bank it can be expected that they finance their operation with a significantly large portion of debt. However in combination with their highly averaged position with their competitors this could be a cause for concern in their financial viability. Corporate Risk Profile: As a company that operates in the financial services, U. S. Banks largest exposure of risk comes from credit risk, operational, residual value, interest rate, market, liquidity and reputation risk. U. S. Bank has spent many years working to perfect managing these risks. For credit risk, U. S. Bank has incorporated â€Å"well-defined, centralized credit policies, uniform underwriting criteria, and ongoing risk monitoring and review processes for all commercial and consumer credit exposures† (SEC. Gob). US Bank has developed a very strenuous and extensive procedure in order to evaluate the credit risk that it handles on a day to day basis. Another way US Bank manages its credit risk is â€Å"through diversification of its loan portfolio and limit setting by product type criteria and concentrations† (SEC. Gob). US Bank divides its overall loan portfolio into three separate segments to, following the â€Å"don’t put all your eggs in the same basket† theory. The three portions of the portfolio consist of commercial lending, consumer lending and covered loans. The risks associated with commercial lending include a rarity of factors including many risks associated with the borrower’s business such as industry, geography, the loan’s purpose, how the borrower will repay, debt capacity among others. In order to prioritize these risks and keep them all organized, US Bank assigns risk ratings to these characteristics in attempt to create the ability to focus on specific risks depending on importance. As far as the consumer lending sector goes, this encompasses â€Å"residential mortgages, credit card loans, and other retail loans such as revolving consumer lines, auto loans and leases, student loans, and home equity loans and lines† (SEC. Gob). The risk characteristic of this section of the portfolio is focused on the borrower and their keenness to pay off the loan as well as prior repayment history. The 3rd portion of the loan portfolio is the covered loan segment. Before touching on the risk of this venture, it must first be noted that there are loss sharing agreements between US Bank and the IBID that ultimately â€Å"reduce the risk of future credit losses to the company’ (SEC. Gob). The risks that are associated with covered loans are â€Å"consistent with the segment they would otherwise be included in had the loss share coverage not been in place† (SEC. Gob). Another important aspect of US Bank to take into account is the sub-prime lending side of the banking industry. How to cite US Bank Corp. Analysis, Papers

Marketing and Entrepreneurship I Phone Marketing

Question: Describe about the Marketing and Entrepreneurship for I Phone Marketing. Answer: Product and Company Background IPhones are the best-selling smartphones. They are products of the Apple Company. They have been trending in the market since 27th June 2007. Steve Jobs and Wozniak are the founders of the Apple Company. Tough it has not been proven; researchers believe that Wozniak came up with the companys name because of his love for fruits. Before forming this company, he was working in an orchard. It is a public company that develops computer hardware, soft wares, and consumer electronics, least but not last it ensures that there is energy production. It was founded 40 years ago, in April 1976 having its headquarters at Apple Campus Carolina in the United States of America. As at March 2016, the company has managed to build 478 stores in 17 different countries (Hamburg, 2008). It is a global company. It is evident as the IPhone smartphone is being used in all continents in the world. Other than producing IPhones, the company provides other products and services such as Mac book, IPod, Apple Tele vision, I-Pac, iTunes, Apple Store among many others (Hamburg, 2008). The company is approximately worth $72 billion dollars. IPhone is an outstanding smartphone; it has acquired a large market due to its unique perfect features. It has the usual phone features, but the company has elevated these features to a better level. For this reason, the company was able to sell 7 million cell phones in 2008 (Hamburg, 2008). These standard features include music players, internet, Calendars, Maps and YouTube among much more. The device uses an operating system similar to Mac book. It is an exclusive operating system that limits other organizations from using the system. It also restricts the occurrence of hacking and other cyber malpractices. The company has been upgrading the IPhone so as to ensure customer satisfaction. It is evident through the many inventions of the electronic. Today, Apple has invented IPhone 7 which has unique features, and we can see that the market is responding quite well to the product. Having a high market share has not been enough for the IPhone product; it is facing a lot of competition from other numerous companies. These products include Samsung, LG, and Neo (Al Swelmiyeen, Al-Nuemat and Kok, 2013). These products have come up with proper marketing strategies, for this reason, they have been able to convince some apple customers to consider their products. IPhone has therefore come up with better marketing strategies so as to maintain their good position. Nothing is entirely right; we can agree that completely satisfying customers are quite a difficult task. According to recent journals, some of the complaints the product has been receiving are as follows; Its hard to use the smartphone to text due to the complexity of the touchpad. The phone is too expensive. They recommend the company to come up with an easily affordable type phone to all people. It is locked to ATT. Some find this as an advantage while others as a disadvantage (Al Swelmiyeen, Al-Nuemat and Kok, 2013). Its hard to use. The phone is limited to the elite society. Limited distribution; IPhones have limited distribution, for instance, they are quite a few in Africa (Al Swelmiyeen, Al-Nuemat and Kok, 2013). From Economics class, we are made aware that scarcity leads to increase in price. IPhones in these countries are expensive therefore unaffordable. Only 1 in 100 in these continents owns an IPhone. Advantages are as follows; The phone is improving daily; therefore, one is assured of good quality and continuous improvement thus customer satisfaction. IPhones are pretty hence they can easily attract customers. Most companies are focused on making complex applications and forget about the beauty aspect of the project (Al Swelmiyeen, Al-Nuemat and Kok, 2013). They touch feel is quite friendly hence ease in use especially while texting. The gadget has a warranty. It is unusual for small electronics to have warranties. For the above reason, customers are gaining trust in the brand (Al Swelmiyeen, Al-Nuemat and Kok, 2013). The phone has good graphics hence enjoyable while using it. The features are of high quality. For instance, an IPhone camera differs primarily with other phones. Target Market The apple company has established itself well in the electronic industry. The company targets each and every customer. The organization has a diverse target market. It focuses on businesses, adults, children, and institutions. Research shows the following trends on Apple market as a whole; Men outnumber women in the purchasing of Apple products. The ratio is at 2:1. I believe it is the case in IPhones where we find more men purchasing IPhones compared to women (Walker et al., 2009). The average age of Apple customers is has an age cluster ranging from 35-44 (Walker et al., 2009). I believe this is the case because at this age most people usually settled and have a good career or good source of income. It is evident that most Apple product is quite pricey. Most teenagers are interested in these commodities. Statistics show that 1 in every four young adults is usually interested in these products and at least six months the teenager or young adult will purchase it. Research shows that most people buy a product because someone else refers it to them. It has been proven that in 72% of American residents are using IPhones. 94% have been referring potential customers to purchase the gadget. In return, the investments have risen by a high percentage making Apple one of the most top selling brands worldwide (Pogue, n.d.). However, IPhone has established itself to a particular type of market through market segmentation. For instance, it has been trying to target the generation Y (Pogue, n.d.). The generation is quickly incorporating technology in their daily lives. To this generation, technology has become not only a necessity but also a paramount requirement for their curriculum. For this reason, they require more advanced technology hence IPhone is trying to hit this market niche by producing various versions of the IPhone. There has been a critic on IPhone advertisements which have only been using gents to advertise the gadget. IPhone targets both female and male. So as to maintain a balanced market, IPhone has been using ladies and gents to promote their products. It has been evident that this strategy has been of great impact to the sales; both genders are purchasing the products. For this reason, Apple is making sure that it does not divide its market based on gender (Walker et al., 2009). We all know what someone earns greatly influences the products and the services one consumes (Walker et al., 2009). It is not possible for someone making peanuts go to the most expensive schools without a scholarship and keep up with the standards. Money is dividing factor. An IPhone 6 ranges between $735 - $964. It is quite pricey compared to other products. For IPhones we do not only purchase the gadget, but we buy quality goods. The price usually aims at compensating the quality of service IPhone offers. It is therefore, right to conclude that IPhone mainly targets high-income earners not because it is a classy commodity but because it aims at compensating for quality. We are aware of the common saying that cheaply is expensive. Psychographics. Some people are keen in appearance and technology. IPhone aims at satisfying these customers. In most cases, many people will buy IPhones because of the brand itself (Hockenberry, 2010). Many people feel obliged when using IPhones such type of individuals are usually imaged conscious. Therefore it is right to conclude that IPhones were designed for the technology lovers. Marketing Strategy Apple has been to maintain its market share due to excellent marketing strategies. Marketing strategies are quite crucial for a products success. A company might have the best products in the market but it fails to introduce and market it correctly the product will be of no essence. Some companies can maintain high sales not because they have the best products but because they have the best strategies to maintain a positive image in the market hence creating customer loyalty and psychological satisfaction (Warner, LaFontaine and Andron, 2011). One of the major marketing strategies for the IPhone company is premium pricing. Usually, people will go for what is expensive because they believe it is the best (Palepu and Healy, 2013). IPhones are quite pricey hence customers who can afford it will purchase it due to its price and the belief that cheaply is expensive. IPhones cost twice or thrice as much compared to Android phones (Warner, LaFontaine and Andron, 2011). For this reason, IPhones have been able to position themselves as the best amongst their competitors due to their pricing strategy (Lee, 2011). It is evident that when you buy an IPhone, you buy quality. IPhones stand out by using glass and aluminum compared to other phones that are using plastic. The gadget has good graphics and excellent applications (Lee, 2011). Advertising is also a marketing strategy for the product. Unlike many companies, Apple does not advertise their products through broadcast and print media (Hughes, 2010). It mainly focuses on social media and online distribution. When IPhone releases a new product, network carriers usually take the responsibility of advertising the product to the target customers. IPhones save up on advertisement costs and in return, network carriers can market themselves luring customers to use their network (Hughes, 2010). The company does this so as to maintain uniformity in their marketing. Most network carriers that advertise IPhones are usually very familiar with the market hence Apple is usually sure that the product information will reach all its consumers (Welch, 2012). Apple customers are never aware of the new version of IPhone being introduced to the market. In return, it makes customers eager on any new product from this company. Surprises at times are a good way of marketing. They resul t to crazy sales and clients get these new products with less anticipation. We all know many disappointments in life are a result of too much expectation. The secrecy strategy leads to quick customer satisfaction (Feiler, 2014). The company has also used brand management as a way of marketing itself (Welch, 2012). Apple has made sure that it has the best products and it stands out due to its excellent quality. By having good products, it has been unnecessary for the company to waste resources and energy on advertisements and marketing (Welch, 2012). We all know that good products quickly attract customers. IPhone conforms to quality. It, therefore, leads to customer satisfaction. The product has promoted professionalism and hip at the same time. It is quite difficult to incorporate the two. IPhone beats this by making their gadget professional enough therefore it is comfortable to use by IT lovers and geeks. At the same time, the organization produces a fun gadget. In conclusion, IPhone has established a way of beating other giants in the market. The product has been on sale for ten years, but it has come up with a strong marketing base. It has used it weaknesses to establish its strength and opportunities. In return, IPhones have gained a competitive advantage over other brands resulting in brand loyalty which is the key goal of all organizations (Lee, 2012). The only threat the organization has today is a change of leadership, unlike many agencies whose greatest danger is usually competition (Brown, 2014). IPhones are targeting all age groups but mainly ages between 35-44. IPhone prices have limited every Tom, Dick, and Harry from purchasing the gadget. The price of an IPhone is twice or thrice as much in comparison to other Android phone (Lee, 2012). For this reason, it is right to conclude that Apple did not just want to establish a regular phone but a good phone that stands out from other phones in the market. Their target market has a bro ad range of age, gender, income and psychographics. It tries to meet all these target markets by producing a product that conforms to what their target market needs. Apple Company also uses great marketing strategies that have been a significant contribution to their high market share. Their primary marketing strategy is pricing. Premium Pricing has contributed to high quality. The company stands out due to its good brand and price. Apple has been able to gain a competitive advantage due to customer satisfaction and excellent marketing strategies. References Hamburg, L. (2008). JurPC, pp.7-7. Al Swelmiyeen, I., Al-Nuemat, A. and Kok, A. (2013). Online arbitration in the social network world; mobile justice on iPhones. Information Communications Technology Law, 22(2), pp.146-164. Walker, G., Stanton, N., Jenkins, D. and Salmon, P. (2009). From telephones to iPhones: Applying systems thinking to networked, interoperable products. Applied Ergonomics, 40(2), pp.206-215. Pogue, D. (n.d.). IPhone. Walker, G., Stanton, N., Jenkins, D. and Salmon, P. (2009). From telephones to iPhones: Applying systems thinking to networked, interoperable products. Applied Ergonomics, 40(2), pp.206-215. Welch, J. (2012). IOS in the Enterprise. Berkeley, CA: Peachpit Press. Welch, J. (2012). IOS 5 in the enterprise. Berkeley, Calif.: Peachpit Press. Brown, D. (2014). The iPhone App Design Manual. Cincinnati: F+W Media. Rischpater, R., Zucker, D. and Foo, N. (2010). Beginning Nokia apps development. [New York]: Apress. Feiler, J. (2014). IOS App Development For Dummies. Hoboken: Wiley. Hockenberry, C. (2010). IPhone App Development. Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media, Inc. Hughes, J. (2010). iPhone iPad Apps marketing. Indianapolis, Ind.: Que. Lee, C. (2011). On-chip Benchmarking and Calibration without External References. Berkeley, CA. Lee, G. (2012). Convergence and hybrid information technology. Heidelberg: Springer. Warner, J., LaFontaine, D. and Andron, L. (2011). IPhone iPad web design for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley Pub. Palepu, K. and Healy, P. (2013). Business analysis valuation. Mason, Ohio: South-Western.